What to Expect in This Week’s Poverty, Income, and Health Insurance Figures for 2020
End Notes
[1] U.S. Census Bureau, “Impact on Poverty of Alternative Resource Measures by Age: 1981 to 2019” [table], https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2020/demo/p60-270.html.
[2] The NHIS data showed a decline in the uninsured rate of 0.6 percentage points in 2020 compared to 2019, but this change was not statistically significant. Robin Cohen et al., “Health Insurance Coverage: Early Release of Estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, 2020,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, August 2021, https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur202108-508.pdf, and Michael Karpman and Stephen Zuckerman, “The Uninsurance Rate Held Steady During the Pandemic as Public Coverage Increased,” Urban Institute, August 18, 2021, https://www.urban.org/research/publication/uninsurance-rate-held-steady-during-pandemic-public-coverage-increasedhttps://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/104691/uninsurance-rate-held-steady-during-the-pandemic-as-public-coverage-increased_final-v3.pdf.
[3] Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, “Monthly Medicaid and CHIP Application, Eligibility Determination, and Enrollment Reports & Data,” https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/national-medicaid-chip-program-information/medicaid-chip-enrollment-data/monthly-medicaid-chip-application-eligibility-determination-and-enrollment-reports-data/index.html.
[4] Sara Collins, Gabriella Aboulafia, and Munira Gunja, “As the Pandemic Eases, What is the State of Health Care Coverage and Affordability in the U.S.?” The Commonwealth Fund, July 16, 2021, https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2021/jul/as-pandemic-eases-what-is-state-coverage-affordability-survey#8. See also Cohen et al., op cit.
[5] Paul Fronstin and Stephen Woodbury, “How Many Americans Have Lost Jobs with Employer Health Coverage During the Pandemic?” Commonwealth Fund, October 7, 2020, https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2020/oct/how-many-lost-jobs-employer-coverage-pandemic, and Paul Fronstin and Stephen Woodbury, “Update: How Many Americans Have Lost Jobs with Employer Health Coverage During the Pandemic?” Commonwealth Fund, January 11, 2021, https://www.commonwealthfund.org/blog/2021/update-how-many-americans-have-lost-jobs-employer-health-coverage-during-pandemic.
[6] Chad Stone et al., “Weakening Economy, Widespread Hardship Show Urgent Need for Further Relief,” CBPP, November 10, 2020, https://www.cbpp.org/research/economy/weakening-economy-widespread-hardship-show-urgent-need-for-further-relief.
[7] Dulce Gonzalez et al., “Hispanic Adults in Families with Noncitizens Disproportionately Feel the Economic Fallout From COVID-19,” Urban Institute, https://www.urban.org/research/publication/hispanic-adults-families-noncitizens-disproportionately-feel-economic-fallout-covid-19.
[8] Brynne Keith-Jennings et al., “Number of Families Struggling to Afford Food Rose Steeply in Pandemic and Remains High, Especially Among Children and Households of Color,” CBPP, April 27, 2021, https://www.cbpp.org/research/food-assistance/number-of-families-struggling-to-afford-food-rose-steeply-in-pandemic-and; Lauren Bauer, “About 14 Million Children in the US Are Not Getting Enough to Eat,” Brookings Institution, July 9, 2020, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/07/09/about-14-million-children-in-the-us-are-not-getting-enough-to-eat; Diane Schanzenbach and Abigail Pitts, “How Much Has Food Insecurity Risen? Evidence from the Census Household Pulse Survey,” Northwestern University Institute for Policy Research, June 10, 2020, https://www.ipr.northwestern.edu/documents/reports/ipr-rapid-research-reports-pulse-hh-data-10-june-2020.pdf.
[9] Rachel Garg, Balaji Golla, and Matthew Kreuter, “Year 1 of COVID-19: Needs rise 59%,” Washington University in St. Louis Health Communication Research Laboratory, March 29, 2021, https://hcrl.wustl.edu/year-1-of-covid-19-needs-rise-59/. The food bank network Feeding America stated that it distributed 6.1 billion charitable meals in 2020, 44 percent more than in 2019; https://www.feedingamerica.org/sites/default/files/2021-09/Charitable%20Food%20Assistance%20Participation%20in%202020.pdf.
[10] Letter from National Energy Assistance Directors Association to Xavier Becerra, Secretary, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, March 29, 2021, https://neada.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/LetterHHSReleaseofFundsARP.pdf.
[11] Alisha Coleman-Jensen et al., “Household Food Security in the United States in 2020,” U.S. Department of Agriculture, September 2021, https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=102075.
[12] U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on The Employment Situation for March 2021,” https://www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-march-2021.htm.
[13] Jonathan Rothbaum, “How Does the Pandemic Affect Survey Response: Using Administrative Data to Evaluate Nonresponse in the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement,” blog post, U.S. Census Bureau, September 15, 2020, https://www.census.gov/newsroom/blogs/research-matters/2020/09/pandemic-affect-survey-response.html.
[14] U.S. Census Bureau, “Census Bureau Announces Changes for 2020 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates,” press release, July 29, 2021, https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2021/changes-2020-acs-1-year.html.
[15] Chuck Marr et al., “American Rescue Plan Act Includes Critical Expansions of Child Tax Credit and EITC,” CBPP, March 12, 2021, https://www.cbpp.org/research/federal-tax/american-rescue-plan-act-includes-critical-expansions-of-child-tax-credit-and; Center on Poverty and Social Policy, Columbia University, “A Poverty Reduction Analysis of the American Family Act,” Poverty and Social Policy Fact Sheet, January 25, 2021, https://www.povertycenter.columbia.edu/news-internal/2019/3/5/the-afa-and-child-poverty; Gregory Acs and Kevin Werner, “How a Permanent Expansion of the Child Tax Credit Could Affect Poverty,” Urban Institute, July 29, 2021, https://www.urban.org/research/publication/how-permanent-expansion-child-tax-credit-could-affect-poverty. The studies assume an economy similar to the pre-pandemic.
[16] Chuck Marr, Kris Cox, and Arloc Sherman, “Recovery Package Should Permanently Include Families With Low Incomes in Full Child Tax Credit,” CBPP, September 7, 2021, https://www.cbpp.org/research/federal-tax/recovery-package-should-permanently-include-families-with-low-incomes-in-full.